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**N‑Butyl Aniline (C₈H₁₃N): A Review of Its Pharmacology, Toxicity and Legal Status**

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### 1. Introduction

N‑butyl aniline (also called **p‑n‑butylaniline**) is a colourless to pale‑yellow liquid that is soluble in most organic solvents but only sparingly soluble in water.
It is used industrially as an intermediate for the manufacture of dyes, pigments and pharmaceuticals, and occasionally as a flavouring or fragrance component in small amounts.

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### 2. Chemical Properties

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Formula | C₈H₁₃N |
| Molecular weight | 119.19 g mol⁻¹ |
| Boiling point | ~207 °C (1 atm) |
| Melting point | –60 °C |
| Density | 0.91 g cm⁻³ at 25 °C |
| Solubility in water | 60 °C; use fume hood. |
| Trypsin (pepsin) | Proteolytic enzyme, may cause irritation | Wear gloves; avoid skin contact. |
| Methanol, Acetonitrile, Ethyl acetate | Flammable, toxic solvents | Store in flammable cabinets; use ventilation. |
| Sodium hydroxide | Corrosive | Use appropriate PPE; neutralize spills promptly. |

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## 6. Notes and Troubleshooting

1. **Incomplete Hydrolysis**
- Ensure the urea concentration is high enough (≥8 M) to maintain low pH.
- Verify that the stirring rate and temperature are consistent.

2. **High Background in Mass Spectrometry**
- Perform a thorough washing of the silica with methanol or acetonitrile before loading samples.
- Consider adding an additional washing step with a small volume (e.g., 10 µL) of pure solvent after the sample has been loaded to remove loosely bound contaminants.

3. **Low Sensitivity**
- Verify that the instrument is correctly calibrated and that the ion source conditions are optimal for the specific analyte.
- Confirm that the derivatization reaction proceeded to completion; incomplete derivatization can result in weaker signals.

4. **Column Overloading or Clogging**
- Use a small injection volume (≤ 2–5 µL) and dilute samples appropriately if high concentrations are suspected.
- Consider using a guard column or an alternative chromatography setup if clogging persists.

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### 7. Conclusion

This SOP provides a comprehensive framework for performing sensitive LC‑MS analyses of derivatized analytes, incorporating robust chromatographic separation, meticulous sample preparation, and stringent quality controls. By adhering to these procedures and regularly validating analytical performance, the laboratory can reliably generate high‑quality data suitable for rigorous scientific investigations.

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*Prepared by:*
Analytical Chemistry Division

*Approved by:*
Quality Assurance Manager

*Version:* 1.0 – Date

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**Appendix:**
- **Instrument Calibration Log**
- **Chromatographic Gradient Optimization Record**
- **Sample Preparation SOP (Derivatization)**
- **QC Sample Concentration Verification Results**
- **Data Processing Workflow Diagram**
- **Deviation Report Template**

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*End of Document*

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